[4], Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont. He then stayed for a short time in Dublin, Indiana with his brother Lorenzo before moving to Far West, Missouri in 1838. The young couple with their empathy-based conservatism are well-positioned to spend another six years in the state's capital. His son, also named Alma, rebelled against everything he was taught. [134], During 1856 and 1857, a period of renewed emphasis on spirituality within the church known as the Mormon Reformation took place under Young's direction. Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. [16] In 1831, five missionaries of the Latter Day Saint movementEleazer Miller, Elial Strong, Alpheus Gifford, Enos Curtis, and Daniel Bowencame from the branch of the church in Columbia, Pennsylvania to preach in Mendon. Historians have come to different conclusions on whether contemporary records support this "transfiguration of Brigham Young" (also sometimes called the "mantle phenomenon") as an authentic experience, whatever its causation. This will always be so. [146] Young's letter reportedly arrived on September 13, 1857, two days after the massacre. Young did not learn of the assassination until early July. The status of four was unknown. Lucy and Young had seven children together. This is due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a "wife". He also married in Nauvoo, but did not have children with: Augusta Adams Cobb, Susannah Snively, Eliza Bowker, Ellen A. Rockwood, and Namah K. J. The trailer hinted through his clenched fist and extreme headshot that they will resurface again. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. [66] Young led the church as president of the Quorum of the Twelve until December 5, 1847, when the quorum unanimously agreed to organize a new First Presidency with Young as president of the church. History of Brigham Young, entry dated Jan. 5, 1852, Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDS Church Archives (quoted in Ricks, A Peculiar Place, 114). [130] Young taught that the day would come when black men would again have the priesthood, saying that after "all the other children of Adam have the privilege of receiving the Priesthood, and of coming into the kingdom of God, and of being redeemed from the four-quarters of the earth, and have received their resurrection from the dead, then it will be time enough to remove the curse from Cain and his posterity. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. Young was born shortly after his return. Here he became acquainted with Mary Ann Angell, a convert to the faith from Rhode Island, and the two were married in February 1834 and obtained a marriage certificate on March 31, 1834. Later, after taking up the mantle of Mormon leader following Smith's death from dysentery, Young is among those visited by Jesus and told to have as much sex as they possibly can, to ensure the propagation of the Mormon faith.[194]. At Lee's sentencing, as required by Utah Territory statute, he was given the option of being hung, shot, or beheaded, and he chose to be shot. Did Brigham Young Approve the Attack? [Joseph Smith] was succeeded by one of the outstanding organizers of the 19th century, Brigham Young. During the defense of Utah, now called the Utah War, Young held the U.S. Army at bay for a winter by taking their cattle and burning supply wagons. [68] With the repealing of Nauvoo's charter in January 1845, church members in Nauvoo lost their courts, police, and militia, leaving them vulnerable to attacks by mobs. "[128] Young was also a vocal opponent of theories of human polygenesis, being a firm voice for stating that all humans were the product of one creation. He also helped to convince Hyrum to accept polygamy. Provo, UT 84602, USA 801 . He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. They were from Arkansas." [98], In 1856, Young organized an efficient mail service known as the Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company, which transported mail and passengers between Missouri and California. [87] During his time as governor, Young directed the establishment of settlements throughout present-day Utah, Idaho, Arizona, Nevada, California and parts of southern Colorado and northern Mexico. Brigham Young chosen to lead Mormon Church After Joseph Smith, the founder and prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormonism, and his brother, Hyrum, were murdered by. [45][46] Young campaigned against Bennett's allegations that Joseph Smith practiced "spiritual wifery"; Young knew of Smith's hidden practice of polygamy. The remains of about 40 people were later found and buried, and U.S. Army officer James Henry Carleton had a large cross made from local trees, the transverse beam bearing the engraving, "Vengeance Is Mine, Saith The Lord: I Will Repay" and erected a cairn of rocks at the site. This was partly experienced when Young traveled with his wife, Miriam, and Heber C. Kimball to visit the branch of the church in Columbia. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Bridger Walker and his sister. [177], In 1902, 25 years after his death, The New York Times established that Young's direct descendants numbered more than 1,000. According to trial testimony given later by Haslam, when Haight read Young's words, he sobbed like a child and could manage only the words, "Too late, too late. [15] Sometime in 1830, Young was introduced to the Book of Mormon by way of a copy that his brother, Phineas Howe, had obtained from Samuel H. Smith. Conditions Governing Access Open for public research. [34] Shortly afterwards, Young went on another mission with his brother Joseph to New York and New England. During the 1870s Lee,[22] Dame, Philip Klingensmith, Ellott Willden, and George Adair, Jr. were indicted and arrested; warrants were obtained to pursue the arrests of four others (Haight, John Higbee, William C. Stewart, and Samuel Jukes) who had successfully gone into hiding. At the time of his death on August 23, 1877, Young had married 56 women-19 predeceased him, 10 divorced him, 23 survived him, and 4 are unaccounted for. The game in question was against Brigham Young University, as part of the Mountain West semifinals. [123][124][125], Young is generally considered to have instituted a church ban against conferring the priesthood on men of black African descent, who had generally been treated equally to white men in this respect under Smith's presidency. He credited Young's leadership with helping to settle much of the American West:[161]. . One of the comments on this movie was that Joseph Smith had appointed his son, Joseph Smith Jr., to be the next prophet which has been a topic of debate since the death of Joseph Smith. [143] Young eventually reached a settlement with the aid of a peace commission and agreed to step down as governor. This blog does not store any files on its server. "[9], Young married Miriam Angeline Works, whom he had met in Port Byron in October 1824. Brigham Young was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from 1847 until his death in 1877. [152], Young engaged in a vast assortment of commercial ventures by himself and in partnership with others. [17][18] He was baptized by Eleazer Miller. [91] It was established on February 28, 1850, as the University of Deseret; its name was eventually changed to the University of Utah. [136] At a church meeting on September 21, 1856, Brigham Young stated: We need a reformation in the midst of this people; we need a thorough reform.[137] Large gatherings and meetings during this period were conducted by Young and Grant, and Young played a key role in the circulation of the Mormon Reformation with his emphasis on plural marriage, rebaptism, and passionate preaching and oration. That is, they may be the new faces of conservatism in the West. Young argued that the church needed more than a spokesman, and that the Twelve Apostles, not Rigdon, had the keys, powers, and "the fulness of the Priesthood," referring to the second anointing. [109] During his tenure, Young oversaw construction of the Salt Lake Tabernacle and announced plans to build the St. George (1871), Manti (1875), and Logan (1877) temples. "[14] Brooks writes, "While Brigham Young and other church authorities did not specifically order the massacre, they did preach sermons and set up social conditions that made it possible." The seed of Canaan cannot hold any office, civil or ecclesiastical. [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. In the early 1850s, he expressed some support for the antislavery "free soil" position in American politics,[164] and in January 1852, he declared in a speech that "no property can or should be recognized as existing in slaves", suggesting opposition to the existence of slavery. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. He also led the Anointed Quorum. The proclamation is very clear: . Dates. [10] They first resided in a small house adjacent to a pail factory, which was Young's main place of employment at the time. Only children under the age of seven, who were cared for by local Mormon families, survived, and the murdered members of the wagon train were left unburied. :200 When Young received word in July that federal troops were headed to Utah with his replacement, he called out his militia to ambush the federal force using delaying tactics. [40][41] Young also served in various leadership and community organization roles among church members in Nauvoo. [177] There were fifty-six women who Young was sealed to during his lifetime. Conditions Governing Access. [20] There, Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues, and in response Young also spoke in tongues. The decree of God that Canaan should be a servant of servants unto his brethren (i.e., Shem and Japhet [sic]) is in full force. Arthur Conan Doyle based his first Sherlock Holmes novel, A Study in Scarlet, on Mormon history, mentioning Young by name. [11] Their daughter, Elizabeth, was born on September 26, 1825. [52] Young travelled east with Wilford Woodruff and George A. Smith from July to October 1843 on a mission to raise funds for the Nauvoo temple and its guesthouse. In the appendix, Twain describes Young as a theocratic "absolute monarch" defying the will of the U.S. government, and alleges using a dubious source that Young had ordered the Mountain Meadows massacre. Three of the Aposoles did not follow Brigham Young. He joined the Masons in Nauvoo on April 7, 1842, and participated in an early endowment ritual led by Joseph Smith that May and became part of the Anointed Quorum. [24] In May 1834, Young became a member of Zion's Camp, and traveled to Missouri and returned to Kirtland with members of the camp in August. Reared in the famous Beehive House, Mrs. Spencer has carried with her through life the patient, loving influence of her parents. Acknowledged to be one of America's great colonizers, Brigham Young was also governor of Utah Territory from 1850 to 1858, superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1851 to 1858, a founder of about 350 communities in the far west, and founder of several score business enterprises. "[13], Historians debate whether the Haight letter absolves Young of any complicity. The Compromise of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory and Young was appointed governor. Carter. [171], On this topic, Young wrote: "They have not wisdom to act like white men. [99] In 1858, following the events of the Utah War, he stepped down to his gubernatorial successor, Alfred Cumming.[100]. Young did not immediately accept the divine claims of the Book of Mormon. Two of the southernmost establishments were Parowan and Cedar City, led respectively by stake presidents William H. Dame and Isaac C. Haight. By the summer of 1877, Young's health was in decline, but he continued to play an active role in the Mormon church up until the end. "[189], Mark Twain devoted a chapter and much of two appendices to Young in Roughing It. [93] These individuals later became known as the Runaway Officials of 1851. [80] Young's expedition was one of the largest and one of the best organized westward treks, and he made various trips back and forth between the Salt Lake Valley and Winter Quarters to assist other companies in their journeys. [178] In 1865, Karl Maeser began to privately tutor Young's fifty-six children and stopped when he was called on a mission to Germany in 1867. He was later joined by his family and by other members of the church in Missouri. A century after Young's death, historian Rodman W. Paul wrote,[161]. The ninth of twelve children, Brigham was born into a life full of work. Young himself condemned the counterfeiting. 20, No. A CONFESSION etched on a newly discovered lead sheet has shaken the Mormon Church by linking its revered leader, Brigham Young, with one of the worst massacres in American history. He married single women and widows. [179][180][181], At the time of Young's death, nineteen of his wives had predeceased him; he was divorced from ten, and twenty-three survived him. The family moved to Vermont shortly before Brigham Young was born. [56][57], In 1844, Young travelled east again to solicit votes for Joseph Smith in his presidential campaign. Will Richardson spoke to KPHO and showed what he called bite marks on his 9-year-old son Matthew's neck and back. The affidavit was created at John C. Bennett's request, after his excommunication and in conjunction with his distribution of false information combined with true information about the church's practice of polygamy. 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